Seminar on Scientific Explanation
[ Home ] [ Syllabus ] [ Notes, Handouts, & Links ] |
Professor |
Time & Place |
Branden
Fitelson |
Seminary 3 – Seminar Room |
Readings
There is only one required text for the course: Jim Woodward's book Making Things Happen. Note that the entire book is available online (subscription required) via Oxford Scholarship Online. It should also be available at local bookstores, and (of course) you can always get a copy online. We will probably only get through the first 5 or 6 chapters or so (if even that much). I will also post a variety of secondary and background readings on this page (see below). In fact, the seminar will begin with a bunch of background stuff that will be posted here. After that, we'll be focusing on Woodward (with optional secondary readings).
Requirements
I will expect enrolled students to write one term paper for the seminar. There may also be some student presentations. That will depend on enrollment, motivation, and other scheduling issues.
Website
Current course information can be found on the course web site, at:
The home page of our website is reserved mainly for announcements. The purpose of the other pages on our website should be self–explanatory. You should keep an eye on the course website, as it will be updated regularly with various content and announcements pertaining to the course. The only two computer applications you will need to view/print, etc. the content on our website are: (i) your favorite web browser, and (ii) Adobe Reader (version 6 or later, or – if you prefer – another program that can read Acrobat PDF version 6 files).
Tentative Schedule (subject to change and evolution – so stay tuned)
Note: we will have the following guest seminar presenters during the semester. This is one of the reasons we'll probably only get through the first 5 or 6 chapters of the Woodward book.
- Chris Hitchcock (2/22)
- Jonathan Schaffer (3/29)
- David Papineau (4/5)
- Michael Strevens (4/12)
- Rachael Briggs (4/19)
- Jim Woodward (4/26)
OK, here are the notes, readings, etc., for the seminar. This list will evolve as the semester unfolds…
- Day 1 (1/18/11): No readings for this week. I'm just going over the syllabus (and a few other things), and then assigning background readings for next week.
- Day 2 (1/25/11): Some Background on Scientific Explanation
- My notes
- Some Important Background Readings
- General Historical Overview. [We'll be discussing decades 1–2.5 — pages 11– 83 of Salmon. See my notes for some issues on which to focus.]
- Hempelian (DN, IS, and DNP) Approaches
- Studies in the Logic of Explanation (Hempel & Oppenheim)
- Inductive-Statistical Explanation (Hempel)
- Probability, Explanation, and Information (Railton)
- Salmon's Statistical Relevance (SR) Approach
- Statistical Explanation (Salmon)
- A more recent paper on probabilistic/statistical explanation by Strevens (who will be our guest on 4/12)
- Do Large Probabilities Explain Better? (Strevens)
- The Lewisian Causal/Counterfactual Approach
- Causal Explanation (Lewis)
- Causation (Lewis)
- Postscripts to "Causation" (Lewis)
- Salmon's Causal/Mechanical Approach
- Pragmatic/Contrastivist Approaches
- Why Questions (Bromberger)
- The Pragmatic Theory of Explanation (van Fraassen)
- Some Useful Stanford Encyclopedia Entries
- SEP entry on Scientific Explanation (Woodward)
- SEP Entry on Causation and Manipulability (Woodward)
- SEP entry on Counterfactual Theories of Causation (Menzies)
- SEP entry on Probabilistic Causation (Hitchcock)
- SEP entry on The Metaphysics of Causation (Schaffer)
- SEP entry on Causal Processes (Dowe)
- Day 3 (2/1/11): More Background on Scientific Explanation
- First, some background material on Probability and its Interpretations
- SEP entry on Interpretations of Probability (Hájek)
- Notes on Interpretations of Probability (Bartha)
- Notes and Readings on Probability and Induction (From my course on probability and induction.)
- PrSAT notebook that accompanies my notes: mathematica format | pdf format
- Then, we return to our historical background on scientific explanation
- See the statistical/probabilistic parts of Salmon's decades 2/3 (readings above)
- Day 4 (2/8/11): Finishng-up our background material
- My Notes
- Some (final) background material on inductive logic, and the history of Inductive/Statistical Explanation.
- Inductive Logic (me)
- Goodman's "New Riddle" (me)
- Then, the statistical/probabilistic parts of Salmon's decades 2/3 (readings above)
- Day 5 (2/15/11): Chapter 1 of Woodward
- My Notes
- On Explication (Carnap)
- Selected Background Readings (newly cited in text)
- Causation (Lewis)
- Postscripts to "Causation" (Lewis)
- Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow (Lewis)
- Causation as Influence (Lewis)
- Equilibrium Explanation (Sober)
- Statistics and Causal Inference (Holland)
- Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research (Pearl)
- Causal inference in statistics: An overview (Pearl)
- Bringing About the Past (Dummett)
- Causation and Recipes (Gasking)
- The Probability Approach in Econometrics (Haavelmo)
- Saving the Phenomena (Bogen & Woodward)
- Explanatory Unification (Kitcher)
- Day 6 (2/22/11): Guest Seminar Leader — Chris Hitchcock
- Required reading: Chris's manuscript "Events and Times: A Case Study in Means-Ends Metaphysics"
- Powerpoint slides for Chris's two Rutgers talks: talk #1 | talk #2
- Optional Background Readings:
- Day 7 (2/29/11): Chapter 2 of Woodward
- My Notes (handwritten this week)
- Selected Background Readings (newly cited in text)
- Two Concepts of Cause (Sober)
- Causation and the Price of Transitivity (Hall)
- The Intransitivity of Causation Revealed in Equations and Graphs (Hitchcock)
- Trumping Preemption (Schaffer)
- Preemptive Preemption (Collins)
- Redundant Causation (McDermott)
- From Association to Causation via Regression (Freedman)
- Causality in Economics and Econometrics (Hoover)
- Actions, Consequences, and Causal Relation (Orcutt)
- Conditioning and Intervening (Meek & Glymour)
- Learning with Prolonged Delay of Reinforcement (Garcia et al)
- Do Six-Month-Old Infants Perceive Causality? (Leslie & Keeble)
- The Acquisition of Physical Knowledge in infancy (Baillargeon)
- Causal Laws and Effective Strategies (Cartwright)
- A Theory of Causal Learning in Children: Causal Maps and Bayes' Nets (Gopnik et al)
- Recursive vs. Non-recursive Systems: An Attempt at a Synthesis (Strotz & Wold)
- Independence. Invariance, and the Causal Markov Condition (Hausman & Woodward)
- SEP Entry on Causation and Manipulability (Woodward)
- Causation as a Secondary Quality (Menzies & Price)
- On the Nature and the Observability of the Causal Relation (Ducasse)
- Two Notes on the Probabilistic Approach to Causality (Hesslow)
- Event Causation: The Counterfactual Analysis (Bennett)
- Statistics and Causal Inference (Holland)
- Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research (Pearl)
- Causal inference in statistics: An overview (Pearl)
- Day 8 (3/8/11): Chapter 3 of Woodward
- My Notes (handwritten this week)
- Selected Background Readings (newly cited in text)
- Two Theorems on Invariance and Causality (Cartiwright)
- How to Hunt Quantum Causes (Cartwright & Jones)
- Can do(x) represent practical experiments? (Pearl) — listed as "Pearl (2001)" in Woodward's bibliography.
- Which Ifs Have Causal Answers? (Rubin)
- An Unreal Image (Worrall)
- Explanatory Unification and the Causal Structure of the World (Kitcher)
- Day 9 (3/22/11): Chapter 4 of Woodward
- No notes from me this week (broken finger)
- Selected Background Readings (newly cited in text)
- Two Models of Scientific Explanation (Hempel)
- Explanation and prediction in evolutionary theory (Scriven)
- Explanation prediction and laws (Scriven)
- Probability, Explanation, and Information (Railton)
- Causal relations (Davidson)
- How is biological explanation possible? (Rosenberg)
- Day 11 (3/29/11): Guest Seminar Leader — Jonathan Schaffer
- Applying Woodward-style graphical/equational modeling technology to metaphysical explanation.
- Day 12 (4/5/11): Guest Seminar Leader — David Papineau
- The Insignificance of Manipulation
- Selected background readings
- Evidentialism Reconsidered (Papineau)
- Causal Decision Theory and Decision-Theoretic Causation (Hitchcock)
- Day 13 (4/12/11): Guest Seminar Leader — Michael Strevens
- Explanatory Autonomy and Explanatory Irreducibility
- Some background readings cited in the paper (not already listed above)
- Special Sciences (Fodor)
- 1953 and all that: A tale of two sciences (Kitcher)
- The explanatory role of irreducible properties (Strevens)
- Day 14 (4/19/11): Guest Seminar Leader — Rachael Briggs
- Pearl/Woodward vs Lewis on the semantics (and logic) of counterfactuals.
- Paper to be posted here soon…
- Background Readings:
- An Axiomatic Characterization of Causal Counterfactuals (Galles & Pearl)
- Sections 7.3 & 7.4 of Causality (Pearl)
- Day 15 (4/26/11): Guest Seminar Leader —Jim Woodward
- Jim will be taking questions from us (I plan to send him a list of prepared questions from us 2 weeks prior to his visit).